A New Era in LLM Security: Exploring Security Concerns in Real-World LLM-based Systems

📄 arXiv: 2402.18649v1 📥 PDF

作者: Fangzhou Wu, Ning Zhang, Somesh Jha, Patrick McDaniel, Chaowei Xiao

分类: cs.CR, cs.AI

发布日期: 2024-02-28

🔗 代码/项目: PROJECT_PAGE


💡 一句话要点

提出多层次安全分析以解决LLM系统安全问题

🎯 匹配领域: 支柱九:具身大模型 (Embodied Foundation Models)

关键词: 大型语言模型 安全性分析 信息流 多层次安全 端到端攻击 OpenAI GPT4 系统安全

📋 核心要点

  1. 现有研究多集中于单个LLM的安全性,缺乏对LLM系统整体生态的分析,导致安全隐患未被充分识别。
  2. 本文提出通过信息流的约束条件来分析LLM系统的安全性,构建多层次的安全分析框架,系统性地评估安全问题。
  3. 研究发现OpenAI GPT4的安全约束存在漏洞,构建了端到端攻击示例,展示了实际威胁,具有重要的警示意义。

📝 摘要(中文)

大型语言模型(LLM)系统本质上是组合性的,单个LLM作为核心基础,附加层包括插件、沙箱等。尽管LLM系统具有巨大潜力,但其安全性问题日益受到关注。现有研究多集中于单个LLM,而未从LLM系统的生态角度进行分析。本文系统分析LLM系统的安全性,构建信息流的约束条件,提出多层次、多步骤的方法,并应用于OpenAI GPT4,揭示了多个安全问题。尽管GPT4设计了多项安全约束,但这些约束仍然易受攻击。我们展示了一种端到端攻击,攻击者可在不操控用户输入的情况下获取用户聊天记录。

🔬 方法详解

问题定义:本文旨在解决大型语言模型(LLM)系统的安全性问题,现有方法多聚焦于单个LLM,未能全面评估其与其他组件的交互安全性。

核心思路:通过构建信息流的约束条件,系统性分析LLM系统的安全性,提出多层次、多步骤的方法来识别和评估安全漏洞。

技术框架:整体架构包括三个主要模块:多层安全分析、约束存在性分析和约束的鲁棒性分析。每个模块针对不同的安全性维度进行深入探讨。

关键创新:本文的创新在于提出了一个新的攻击面框架,能够将LLM系统的安全性分解为多个关键组件,超越了传统的单一模型分析方法。

关键设计:在方法实施中,设计了多层次的安全约束和攻击模型,结合信息流分析,确保对安全性问题的全面覆盖。

🖼️ 关键图片

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📊 实验亮点

实验结果显示,尽管OpenAI GPT4实施了多项安全约束,但仍存在多处安全漏洞。通过构建的端到端攻击示例,攻击者能够在不直接接触模型的情况下获取用户聊天记录,揭示了实际的安全威胁。

🎯 应用场景

该研究的潜在应用领域包括大型语言模型的安全性评估、智能系统的安全设计及其在金融、医疗等敏感领域的应用。通过识别和修复安全漏洞,可以提升用户数据的保护水平,增强系统的可信性。

📄 摘要(原文)

Large Language Model (LLM) systems are inherently compositional, with individual LLM serving as the core foundation with additional layers of objects such as plugins, sandbox, and so on. Along with the great potential, there are also increasing concerns over the security of such probabilistic intelligent systems. However, existing studies on LLM security often focus on individual LLM, but without examining the ecosystem through the lens of LLM systems with other objects (e.g., Frontend, Webtool, Sandbox, and so on). In this paper, we systematically analyze the security of LLM systems, instead of focusing on the individual LLMs. To do so, we build on top of the information flow and formulate the security of LLM systems as constraints on the alignment of the information flow within LLM and between LLM and other objects. Based on this construction and the unique probabilistic nature of LLM, the attack surface of the LLM system can be decomposed into three key components: (1) multi-layer security analysis, (2) analysis of the existence of constraints, and (3) analysis of the robustness of these constraints. To ground this new attack surface, we propose a multi-layer and multi-step approach and apply it to the state-of-art LLM system, OpenAI GPT4. Our investigation exposes several security issues, not just within the LLM model itself but also in its integration with other components. We found that although the OpenAI GPT4 has designed numerous safety constraints to improve its safety features, these safety constraints are still vulnerable to attackers. To further demonstrate the real-world threats of our discovered vulnerabilities, we construct an end-to-end attack where an adversary can illicitly acquire the user's chat history, all without the need to manipulate the user's input or gain direct access to OpenAI GPT4. Our demo is in the link: https://fzwark.github.io/LLM-System-Attack-Demo/